ABSTRACT A hydroponic experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of phosphorus (P) nutrition on arsenic (As) uptake and translocation within the seedlings of rice cultivars. The experiment occurred in three stages: I 5 days of acclimatization (nutritive solution); II 10 days under P (0.0 and 0.09 mM) and As (0.0 and 100 mM) treatments; III 5 days under recovery. The As exposure had significant effect reducing dry weights of shoots or roots, resulted in elevated concentrations of As in shoot tissues. BR-IRGA 409 showed the highest susceptibility to As in biomass production and root system parameters regardless the P level. This cultivar showed contrasting responses of As translocation to shoot tissue dependent on P levels, with the highest As concentration under low P and lowest under normal P levels. P nutrition was most striking on plants recovery for all cultivars under As exposure. Clearer separation of cultivars for phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) occurred at lower shoot P contents, that was, at higher levels of P deficiency stress. IRGA 424 showed higher PUE as compared to the others cultivars. Our results go some way to understanding the role of P nutrition in controlling the effects of As in rice shoots.

Avaliou-se o efeito antiproliferativo de infusões de Pluchea sagittalis usando o teste de Allium cepa. Foram usadas infusões em três concentrações (2,5, 5 e 25g dm-3) de folhas cultivadas em três ambientes (in vitro, sala de crescimento climatizada e em campo). Foram usados seis grupos de bulbos para cada um dos 8 tratamentos e o os índices mitóticos foram obtidos a partir de 6000 células por tratamento. Concluiu-se que a infusão de folhas de P. sagittalis cultivadas em campo possui grande atividade antiproliferativa, bem como o sistema de cultivo de plantas influencia o potencial antiproliferativo.

We evaluated the antiproliferative effect of infusions from Pluchea sagittalis using the Allium cepa test. Infusions in three concentrations (2.5, 5, and 25 g dm-3) of leaves cultivated in three environments (in vitro, acclimatized growth chamber, and field) were used. Six onion bulbs were used for each of the eight treatments, and the mitotic index was obtained from 6000 cells per treatment. In conclusion, leaf infusions of P. sagittalis cultivated in the field have a high antiproliferative activity, as well as the cultivation system influences the antiproliferative potential.

No presente estudo, os efeitos do chumbo (Pb) sobre o crescimento, a concentração de pigmentos fotossintéticos, a peroxidação lipídica, a percentagem de extravazamento de eletrólitos (ELP), a oxidação protéica, a atividade das enzimas aminolevulinato desidratase (ALA-D; E.C. 4.2.1.24), peroxidase do ascorbato (APX; E.C. 1.11.1.11), catalase (CAT; E.C. 1.11.1.6) e dismutase do superóxido (SOD; E.C. 1.15.1.1) e as concentrações de ácido ascórbico (AsA), de grupos tióis não-protéicos (NPSH) e de proteínas solúveis totais foram investigados em plântulas de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.). As plântulas foram cultivadas in vitro em um substrato solidificado com ágar contendo três concentrações de Pb na forma de (C2H3O2)Pb.3H2O (0, 100, 400 e 1000 µmol L-1), durante 10 dias. O aumento da concentração de Pb no substrato ocasionou um aumento da concentração de Pb tanto nas raízes quanto na parte aérea. O Pb foi acumulado em maior quantidade nas raízes. O comprimento radicular e a matéria fresca total foram diminuídos nas duas maiores concentrações de Pb. O pepino não apresentou redução no comprimento da parte aérea e na matéria seca total nos tratamento de Pb. A maior concentração de Pb diminuiu o conteúdo de água e a atividade da ALA-D bem como aumentou as concentrações de aldeído malônico, de grupos carbonil e de proteínas solúveis totais. A concentração de carotenóides aumentou em 100 e 400 µmol Pb L-1, enquanto a concentração de clorofila e a ELP não foram afetadas pelo estresse com Pb. A atividade da APX foi inibida, enquanto as atividades da CAT e SOD foram aumentadas em todas as concentrações de Pb. A concentração de AsA aumentou sob 400 e 1000 µmol Pb L-1, enquanto a de NPSH aumentou somente na maior concentração de Pb. Portanto, a exposição a altas concentrações de Pb causou estresse oxidativo e o sistema antioxidante das plântulas de pepino não foi capaz de reverter esta situação, contribuindo para a redução no crescimento.

In this study, the effects of lead (Pb) on growth, photosynthetic pigments concentration, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage percentage (ELP), protein oxidation, aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D; E.C. 4.2.1.24), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; E.C. 1.11.1.11), catalase (CAT; E.C. 1.11.1.6) and superoxide dismutase (SOD; E.C. 1.15.1.1) activities, and ascorbic acid (AsA), non-protein thiol groups (NPSH) and total soluble protein concentrations in cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L.) were investigated. Seedlings were grown in vitro in an agar-solidified substrate containing three Pb levels as (C2H3O2)Pb.3H2O (0, 100, 400, and 1000 µmol L-1) for 10 d. Increasing Pb concentrations in substrate enhanced Pb concentration in both roots and shoot. Pb accumulated at a higher amount in roots. Root length and total fresh weight were decreased at the two highest Pb concentrations. Cucumber showed no reduction in shoot length and total dry weight at any Pb level. The highest Pb concentration decreased water content and ALA-D activity as well as increased malondialdehyde, carbonyls and total soluble protein concentrations. Carotenoids concentration enhanced at 100 and 400 µmol Pb L-1, while chlorophyll concentration and ELP were not affected by Pb stress. Activity of APX was inhibited while the activities of CAT and SOD were increased at all Pb concentrations. AsA was enhanced at 400 and 1000 µmol Pb L-1 whereas NPSH were increased only at the highest Pb concentration. Therefore, high Pb-exposure caused oxidative stress, and the antioxidant system of the cucumber seedlings was not sufficient to revert it, contributing for growth reduction.